Below is a list of proposed or ongoing Line Intensity Mapping (LIM) experiments, with links to their home pages (if available), and a brief description. Experiments whose names are followed by a red asterisk ( * ) observe multiple spectral lines.
Publicly available data from these experiments are currently sparse, given that many of the listed projects are either pathfinders, recently underway, or in planning stages. If an experiment of interest to you is missing from the list, or there is experimental data you would like to provide, please contact us via the suggestion form.
LIM Experiments | ||||||||||
Project Name and Website | Full name and Reference | Lines | Science | Dates of Operation | Technology | z-min | z-max | Frequency Min (GHz) |
Frequency Max (GHz) |
Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BINGO |
BAO from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations [ADS] |
21 cm |
HI, LSS |
Future |
Coherent, single dish |
0.13 |
0.48 |
0.960 |
1.260 |
Ground |
CHIME |
Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment [ADS] |
21 cm |
HI, LSS |
2018-date |
Interferometer |
0.78 |
2.55 |
0.400 |
0.800 |
Ground |
COMAP-high * |
CO Mapping Array Pathfinder-high [ADS] |
CO 2-1 |
reionization |
Future |
Coherent |
5.8 |
7.8 |
26 |
34 |
Ground |
COMAP-low * |
CO Mapping Array Pathfinder-low [ADS] |
CO 1-0 |
star formation |
Future |
Coherent |
2.4 |
3.4 |
26 |
34 |
Ground |
CONCERTO * |
CarbON CII line in post-rEionization and ReionizaTiOn epoch [ADS] |
[CII] |
reionization |
Future |
MKID, FTS |
4.5 |
8.5 |
200 |
360 |
Ground |
CONCERTO * |
CarbON CII line in post-rEionization and ReionizaTiOn epoch [ADS] |
CO J={2,3,4,5} |
star formation |
Future |
MKID, FTS |
0.3 |
2 |
200 |
360 |
Ground |
COPSS |
CO Power Spectrum Survey [ADS] |
CO 1-0 |
star formation |
2005-2008 |
Interferometer |
2.3 |
3.3 |
27 |
35 |
Ground |
EXCLAIM-CII * |
EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping |
[CII] |
star formation |
Future |
MKID, FTS |
2.2 |
3.5 |
420 |
600 |
Balloon |
EXCLAIM-CO * |
EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping |
CO |
star formation |
Future |
MKID, FTS |
0 |
0.6 |
420 |
600 |
Balloon |
FAST (Tianyan) |
Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope |
21 cm |
HI |
2017-date |
Prime focus multi-beam receiver |
0 |
0.36 |
1.05 |
1.45 |
Ground |
FYST (CCAT-prime Observatory) |
Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope [ADS] |
[CII] |
reionization |
Future |
Fabry-Perot, TES |
5 |
9 |
190 |
315 |
Ground |
GBT-IM |
Green Bank Telescope-Intensity Mapping [ADS] |
21 cm |
HI |
2009 |
Prime Focus Receiver |
0.58 |
1 |
0.700 |
0.900 |
Ground |
GMRT-EoR |
Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope - Epoch of Reionization [ADS] |
21 cm |
reionization |
2007 |
Interferometer |
8.1 |
9.2 |
0.139 |
0.156 |
Ground |
HERA |
Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array [ADS] |
21 cm |
reionization |
Future |
Interferometer |
4.68 |
27.4 |
0.050 |
0.250 |
Ground |
HETDEX |
Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment [ADS] |
Lyα |
star formation, LSS |
2017-date |
Dispersive fiber, blind |
1.9 |
3.5 |
350 nm |
550 nm |
Ground |
HIRAX |
Hydrogen Intensity and Real-time Analysis eXperiment [ADS] |
21 cm |
HI, LSS |
Future |
Interferometer |
0.78 |
2.56 |
0.400 |
0.800 |
Ground |
LOFAR |
The LOw-Frequency ARray [ADS] |
21 cm |
reionization |
2013-date |
Interferometer |
5.9 |
141 |
0.010 |
0.240 |
Ground |
LWA |
The Long Wavelength Array [ADS] |
21 cm |
reionization |
2015-date |
Interferometer |
15.1 |
141 |
0.010 |
0.088 |
Ground |
MeerKAT: MeerKLASS |
MeerKAT Large Area Synoptic Survey [ADS] |
21 cm |
HI, LSS |
Future |
Interferometer, single dish |
0.0 |
1.4 |
0.580 |
2.50 |
Ground |
mmIME |
Millimeter Intensity Mapping Experiment |
CO |
star formation |
Future |
Coherent/multiple sites |
1 |
5 |
30 |
300 |
Ground |
MWA |
The Murchison Widefield Array [ADS] |
21 cm |
reionization |
2018-date |
Interferometer |
3.73 |
16.75 |
0.080 |
0.300 |
Ground |
PAPER |
Precision Array to Probe the Epoch of Reionization [ADS] |
21 cm |
reionization |
2010-2014 |
Interferometer |
6.1 |
13.2 |
0.100 |
0.200 |
Ground |
Parkes |
Parkes Radio Observatory [ADS] |
21 cm |
HI, LSS |
2014 |
Coherent, multi-receiver |
0.06 |
0.1 |
1.283 |
1.347 |
Ground |
SDSS/BOSS |
Sloan Digital Sky Survey Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey [ADS] |
Lyα |
star formation |
2009-2014 |
Dispersive fiber |
2 |
3.5 |
356 nm |
1040 nm |
Ground |
SDSS/eBOSS |
Sloan Digital Sky Survey extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey [ADS] |
Lyα |
star formation |
2014 - 2019 |
Dispersive fiber |
2 |
3.5 |
361 nm |
1014 nm |
Ground |
SKA-MID |
Square Kilometer Array - Mid Frequency [ADS] |
21 cm |
HI, LSS |
Future |
Interferometer, single dish |
0 |
3.1 |
0.350 |
1.420 |
Ground |
SPHEREx * |
Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer [ADS] |
Hα/β, [OII/III], Lyα |
LSS, reionization |
Future |
Linear variable filter, TMA |
0 |
12 |
0.75um |
5um |
Satellite |
SuperSpec |
SuperSpec [ADS] |
[CII] |
reionization |
Future |
MKID on-chip channelizer |
4 |
9 |
185 |
315 |
Ground |
Tianlai (pathfinder) |
Tianlai Cylinder Array [ADS] |
21 cm |
HI, LSS |
Future |
Interferometer |
0 |
1.18 |
0.650 |
1.420 |
Ground |
TIM (formerly STARFIRE) |
Terahertz Intensity Mapper [ADS] |
[CII] |
star formation |
Future |
MKID grating |
0.5 |
1.5 |
714 |
1250 |
Balloon |
TIME-CII * |
Tomographic Ionized-Carbon Mapping Experiment [ADS] |
[CII] |
reionization |
Future |
Grating + TES |
5.3 |
8.5 |
183 |
326 |
Ground |
TIME-CO * |
Tomographic Ionized-Carbon Mapping Experiment [ADS] |
CO J={2,3,4,5} |
star formation |
Future |
Grating + TES |
5.3 |
8.5 |
183 |
326 |
Ground |
YTLA * |
Yuan-Tseh Lee Array |
CO 3-2 |
star formation |
2017-date |
Interferometer |
2.4 |
3 |
86 |
102 |
Ground |
YTLA * |
Yuan-Tseh Lee Array |
CO 2-1 |
star formation |
2017-date |
Interferometer |
1.2 |
1.7 |
86 |
102 |
Ground |